Australian Digital Inclusion Index Project

PROJECT SUMMARY

Indigenous child on computer

Australian Digital Inclusion Index Project

Focus Areas: News & Media, Social Services, Mobilities, Health
Research Program: People
Status: Active

Digital inclusion is about ensuring that all Australians can access and use digital technologies effectively. We are experiencing an accelerating digital transformation in many aspects of economic and social life. Our premise is that everyone should have the opportunity to benefit from digital technologies: to manage their health, access education and services, participate in cultural activities, organise their finances, follow news and media, and connect with family, friends, and the wider world.

The Australian Digital Inclusion Index (ADII or “Index”) uses survey data to measure digital inclusion across three dimensions of Access, Affordability and Digital Ability. We explore how these dimensions vary across the country and across different social groups.

In partnership with Telstra and through biennial data collections presented through reports and data visualisation dashboards, the ADII is capturing and communicating the evolving state of digital inclusion in Australia. This is complemented by aligned sub-projects with local, state and federal government departments and community partners to drill down into specific digital inclusion challenges for social groups or geographical regions of interest.

A detailed measure of digital inclusion for Australia allows us to identify the critical barriers to inclusion. These may be related to accessing networks, the costs of devices or data, or skills and literacies. Through these measures, the Index shapes digital equity policy and initiatives, research, and practice to increase digital inclusion in Australia.

Visit the ADII website 

RESEARCHERS

Distinguished Professor Julian Thomas

Prof Julian Thomas

Chief Investigator,
RMIT University

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ADM+S Chief Investigator Anthony McCosker

Prof Anthony McCosker

Chief Investigator,
Swinburne University

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Jenny Kennedy

Dr Jenny Kennedy

Associate Investigator,
RMIT University

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Sharon Parkinson

Dr Sharon Parkinson

Associate Investigator,
Swinburne University

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Kieran Hegarty

Kieran Hegarty

Research Fellow,
RMIT University

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RESEARCHER SUPPORT

Lucy Valenta profile image

Lucy Valenta

Research Coordinator,
RMIT University

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PARTNERS

Telstra

Telstra

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Testbed Australia

PROJECT SUMMARY

Drone in sky

Testbed Australia

Focus Areas: Transport and Mobilities
Research Program: People

Australia has a long history as a site for scientific experimentation. The Australian land and its people have, over the course of its colonial history, been continuously treated as a “low risk” site for the empirical testing of high-risk theories and procedures.

Most recently, Big Tech corporations have begun to experiment with the country’s potential as test bed for new features and products. The streaming service Spotify used Australia as a testing site for its then experimental Discover Weekly playlist. The dating app Tinder piloted features like “Tinder Social” and “Super Like” in the Australian market before releasing it globally. And Facebook trialled its 2018 upvote downvote feature first on users based in Australia and New Zealand.

While techniques like prototyping, beta testing, and other forms of testing “in the wild” are common practices, the impacts of such testing on communities and environments are under-examined.

This project explores the role of testing, prototyping, trialling and other techniques of controlled experimentation for AI and other automated decision-making systems in Australia.

It focuses on transport and mobilities, investigating techniques of testing for the deployment of automated systems, such as those used in Autonomous vehicle (AVs) and commercial delivery drones.

It brings together expertise in feminist science and technology studies (STS), critical legal studies, and media studies to address questions such as:

  • What are the features of the environment and landscape that make Australia well-suited as a site for testing?
  • Which communities are targets for testing?
  • How does policy and other forms of state discourse contribute to creating an ideal regulatory environment for testing?
  • What are the potential harms and benefits involved?

RESEARCHERS

Thao Phan

Dr Thao Phan

Lead Investigator,
Monash University

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Jake Goldenfein

Dr Jake Goldenfein

Chief Investigator,
University of Melbourne

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Michael Richardson

Assoc Prof Michael Richardson

Associate Investigator,
UNSW

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She’s Not Alone

PROJECT SUMMARY

She's Not Alone

She’s Not Alone

Focus Area: Transport & Mobilities
Research Program: People

In partnership with Monash University’s Emerging Technologies Research Lab and She’s A Crowd, a social enterprise working to end gender-based violence, this drama-documentary invites us to consider: how people and organisations might effectively use automated decision-making (ADM) in the rideshare sector to deliver a safe and trusted service; and where the starting points for design for rideshare ADM systems and technologies should be.

She’s Not Alone is a short film co-produced by ADM+S researchers Jeni Lee and Dr Emma Equilty that highlights some of the safety issues women and gender diverse people experience in and around transport. In a world where automated systems, technology and digital data are increasingly present, the film raises discussion around automated safety features including tracking, surveillance and emergency alerts.

The docu-drama challenges the idea that artificial intelligence is the way to solve problems that arise for so many rideshare users, suggesting instead that we imagine a future where safety involves a combination of technology, human connections and community support.

RESEARCHERS

Jeni Lee

Jeni Lee

Lead Investigator,
Monash University

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Sarah Pink

Prof Sarah Pink

Chief Investigator,
Monash University

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Thao Phan

Dr Thao Phan

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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Emma Quilty

Dr Emma Quilty

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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PARTNERS

She's A Crowd Logo

She’s A Crowd

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Emerging Technologies Research Lab

Emerging Technologies Research Lab, Monash University

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RELATED PROJECTS

Collateral Data: Automated Decision-Making and the Future of Credit in India

PROJECT SUMMARY

Young Indian woman looking at letter while using laptop

Collateral Data: Automated Decision-Making and the Future of Credit in India

Focus Areas: Social Services
Research Programs: People
Status: Active

This project aims to investigate the increasing use of automated decision-making systems in the provision of automated loans in India. These systems can use a potential borrower’s personal data (including call histories, location, contact lists) to create credit scores for people without formal credit histories. Hailed as a revolutionary step forward in financial inclusion on the one hand and decried as a dangerous invasion of privacy on the other, these new loan products have significant impacts.

Focusing on designers, regulators, and users of automated loans in India, the project asks how these products shape financial inclusion and socio-economic mobility at an everyday level. Through conducting interviews and collecting financial diaries the project aims to elucidate how these technologies are taken up and transform borrowers’ livelihoods and social networks.

Expected outcomes include detailed accounts of how automated financial services can exacerbate inequality even as they expand financial inclusion. Understanding these dynamics will be crucial not only for intervening in social inequality in India but also in regulating the adoption of similar practices of credit-scoring and loan distribution that are already starting to emerge in Australia. In providing a detailed picture of how ADM is changing the landscape of credit and economic inequality in a context where these tools have been widely adopted, the project seeks to provide critical foresight to regulators and industry actors in countries like Australia where data sharing, and alternative data are just beginning to be taken up in the financial sector.

RESEARCHERS

ADM+S Chief Investigator Heather Horst

Prof Heather Horst

Lead Investigator,
Western Sydney University

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Adam Sargent

Dr Adam Sargent

Research Fellow,
Western Sydney University

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Trust in ADM: Rethinking the anticipatory modes of technological determinism

PROJECT SUMMARY

Blurred colourful walkway

Trust in ADM: Rethinking the anticipatory modes of technological determinism

Focus Area: News and Media, Transport and Mobility, Health, and Social Services
Research Program: People
Status: Active

If we are to bring people into the process of ADM technology design then we need to ensure that the conceptual categories that frame theory and practice in innovation account for people.

This project interrogates a suite of anticipatory categories and the arrays of concepts that support them, which are commonly used in innovation narratives, amongst industry and policy stakeholders and in academic disciplines that are complicit with their agenda—such as human-computer interaction research and other computer science and engineering disciplines, and organisation studies.

It identifies the key categories and concepts, analyses how they are mobilised in narratives of innovation, their relationships to solutionist paradigms, how they structure processes of research and how they are actually implied in research and design practice.

The project unpicks the detail of the conceptual frameworks that inform ADM as well as the ways they are engaged in the everyday work practices of developers, designers, businesses and policy makers. It also asks how we might most fruitfully define and engage such categories and concepts, in order to use them to structure interdisciplinary collaboration.

The analysis will include established anticipatory categories common in technology discourses—of trust, barriers, anxiety and acceptance—as well as contemporary (and different types of) categories such as sharing, transparency and others, which are associated with new technologies and automation. Other new and emerging concepts and categories will be identified during the course of the research.

SUB-PROJECTS

RESEARCHERS

Sarah Pink

Prof Sarah Pink

Chief Investigator,
Monash University

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Mark Andrejevic

Prof Mark Andrejevic

Chief Investigator,
Monash University

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Gerard Goggin

Prof Gerard Goggin

Associate Investigator,
University of Sydney

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ADM+S partner investigator Vaike Fors

Prof Vaike Fors

Partner Investigator,
Halmstad University

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Emma Quilty

Dr Emma Quilty

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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Kaspar Raats

Kaspar Raats

PhD Student,
Monash University

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PARTNERS

Halmstad University logo

Halmstad University

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Volvo Logo

Volvo Cars (Sweden)

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Highway to the Sky

PROJECT SUMMARY

Blurred vision in airplane

Highway to the Sky

Focus Area: Transport & Mobilities
Research Program: People

Highway to the Sky is a short film co-created with 3 neuro-diverse artists and art therapist Isabelle Ashford from The Art to Wellbeing.

The participants in the workshops used collage, art works and dance to imagine future mobilities and explore what sensations arise from automated travel and what they would like to be automated (or not) in the future.

The creative process elicited reflection and thoughtful responses from the project participants and highlighted their sensory experiences.

Remembering the frustration they may have previously felt on the train, for instance, might create a tightness in their chest or a dizzy sensation.

By documenting experiences of the so-called 17%, the people who see the world differently, this project reveals biases and threats of automated transport mobilities and also uncovers creative opportunity and innovation.

SHORT FILM

RESEARCHERS

Jeni Lee

Jeni Lee

Lead Investigator,
Monash University

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Sarah Pink

Prof Sarah Pink

Chief Investigator,
Monash University

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Thao Phan

Dr Thao Phan

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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Emma Quilty

Dr Emma Quilty

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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Flight Paths, Freeways and Railroads

PROJECT SUMMARY

My phone is my eyes

Flight Paths, Freeways and Railroads

Focus Area: Transport & Mobilities
Research Program: People

Through a series of short film vignettes, this research project explores how diverse participants currently experience transport mobilities and how automated technologies might be part of our future lives.

These films aim to surface impacts of ADM that haven’t been accounted for and explore barriers and biases propagated and amplified by ADM in society.

In 2021, filmmaker Jeni Lee accompanied and filmed two blind and one deaf participant as they moved around urban and regional spaces. The act of commuting was intended to elicit reflection and thoughtful responses from the research participants. Each participant’s commute forms the backbone and narrative arc of a short film.

Flight Paths, Freeways and Open Roads still preview

RESEARCHERS

Jeni Lee

Jeni Lee

Lead Investigator,
Monash University

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Sarah Pink

Prof Sarah Pink

Chief Investigator,
Monash University

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Thao Phan

Dr Thao Phan

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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Emma Quilty

Dr Emma Quilty

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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RELATED PROJECTS

Future Automated Mobilities: Imaginaries and possibilities for a world in crisis

PROJECT SUMMARY

Pod Man Artwork

Future Automated Mobilities: Imaginaries and possibilities for a world in crisis

Focus Area: Transport & Mobilities
Research Program: People
Status: Active

Future visions of self-driving cars, digital mobility services, flying taxis and autonomous industrial vehicles dominate industry and policy hype; new mobilities technologies, communities and aspirations are rapidly shaping; and automated and connected mobility technologies are increasingly present, and unevenly distributed in everyday life.

Our research addresses how these and other shifts in and imaginaries of mobilities technologies, services, communities and personal trajectories are changing the landscape of everyday mobility, and reframes emerging automated and connected mobility technologies and data as part of inclusive and diverse everyday worlds and respectful, responsible futures.

To achieve this we will develop critical and innovative methods of research and engagement including documentary film and design materials.

This project will:

  1. Determine how future automated (and automated features of) transport mobilities are being reimagined in post COVID-19 and post-bushfire crisis -across industry, policy and everyday life.
  2. Investigate what can be done to design differently, so that we do not simply replicate the problem-solution paradigm of the innovation paradigm when considering the place of ADM in future mobilities.
  3. Develop innovative interventional and interdisciplinary (design ethnographic) research methods through which to undertake this research
  4. Propose pathways towards open designs that social innovation will play a part in and suggest how ADM might play an ethical, responsible and beneficial (to people) role?
How would you like to travel in the future?

REPORT

Automated Decision Making in Transport Mobilities - Front Cover

Automated decision making in transport mobilities: review of industry trends and visions for the future

12 August 2022

Read on APO

SUB-PROJECTS

RESEARCHERS

Thao Phan

Dr Thao Phan

Lead Investigator,
Monash University

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Sarah Pink

Prof Sarah Pink

Chief Investigator,
Monash University

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ADM+S partner investigator Vaike Fors

Prof Vaike Fors

Partner Investigator,
Halmstad University

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Jeni Lee

Jeni Lee

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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Emma Quilty

Dr Emma Quilty

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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Kaspar Raats

Kaspar Raats

PhD Student,
Monash University

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PARTNERS

Halmstad University logo

Halmstad University

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Seeing the Road Ahead

PROJECT SUMMARY

Seeing the road ahead

Seeing the Road Ahead

Focus Area: Transport & Mobilities
Research Program: People

Vision is central to the field of autonomous vehicle (AV) research. While much of the research into AVs has focused on the technical aspects of vision, such as object recognition and sensor development, this project turns instead to its social, cultural, and political dimensions.

Our goal is to counter corporate and industry visions of self-driving cars by using creative methods to explore alternate visions.

These visions are drawn from Australian popular culture as well as through interactive, creative workshops with everyday Australian people. We hope that these methods help us to develop a uniquely national case study, and to demonstrate the value of using creative methods for understanding speculative and emerging technologies.

RESEARCHERS

Thao Phan

Dr Thao Phan

Lead Investigator,
Monash University

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Sarah Pink

Prof Sarah Pink

Chief Investigator,
Monash University

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Jeni Lee

Jeni Lee

Research Fellow,
Monash University

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Emma Quilty

Dr Emma Quilty

Research Fellow,
Monash University

Learn more

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