Measuring Digital Inclusion for First Nations Australians

PROJECT SUMMARY

Mapping the Digital Gap co-researcher Shalarna Thorpe conducting a survey with Tuvesi Williams in Wilcannia
Mapping the Digital Gap co-researcher Shalarna Thorpe conducting a survey with Wilcannia resident

Measuring Digital Inclusion for First Nations Australians

Focus Area: News and Media
Research Program: People
Status: Active

Measuring Digital Inclusion for First Nations Australians is a three-year project funded by the Australian Government to measure digital inclusion for First Nations people nationally and track changes in the scale and nature of the digital gap relative to non-First Nations Australians.

By expanding on the Australian Digital Inclusion Index (ADII) and acting in conjunction with the Mapping the Digital Gap (MTDG) research project, this project will enable measurement and tracking of progress towards Closing the Gap Target 17 (CTG 17):

‘By 2026, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have equal levels of digital inclusion’.

The project has First Nations leadership and governance throughout, including key staff within the research team, a First Nations steering group, contracting of a First Nations survey company, and partnership with First Nations organisations in targeted regional research sites.

The Measuring Digital Inclusion for First Nations Australians project is guided by the core values and principles outlined in the NHMRC Guidelines for ‘Ethical Conduct in Research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and Communities’ (2018), AIATSIS (2021) Code of Ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research, and Principles of Indigenous Data Sovereignty (e.g., Kukutai and Taylor 2016), in accordance with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007).

Data collected in this project will be weighted and merged with data from the ADII and Mapping the Digital Gap project to generate an index of First Nations digital inclusion across Australia. First Nations Index scores will be benchmarked against non-First Nations scores to establish a comparative framework for measuring progress on Closing the Gap Target 17. The data will be shared with the public via an expanded First Nations Dashboard on the ADII website.

To ensure a representative sample of First Nations Australians, the project is partnered with First Nations led survey company Ipsos Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research Unit to undertake 1350 surveys in two rounds of data collection across 2025/6 and 2026/7, using a mix of online and face to face surveys.

In addition, the research team partners with First Nations organisations to conduct in-person surveys in 10 regional locations to ensure a nationally representative sample.

PUBLIC RESOURCES

First Nations Digital Inclusion Dashboard

First Nations Digital Inclusion Dashboard

Target audience: First Nations organisations and communities, government agencies, industry, researchers, general public

This First Nations digital inclusion dashboard enables First Nations organisations and communities to explore the data in ways that suit their own needs and priorities.

View Dashboard

Australian Digital Inclusion Index Dashboard

Australian Digital Inclusion Index

Target audience: Government agencies, researchers, general public

The Australian Digital Inclusion Index uses data from the Australian Internet Usage Survey to measure digital inclusion across three dimensions of Access, Affordability and Digital Ability. We explore how these dimensions vary across Australia and across different social groups.

View Dashboard

2024-5 RESEARCH SITES

Ipsos Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research Unit (ATSIRU) collected data using a mix of methods. Working with local First Nations researchers, they conducted 1360 face to face surveys in regional and urban sites, and an additional 630 online and phone surveys via their iMob Panel.

Mapping the Digital Gap researchers conducted partnered research and collected 807 surveys in collaboration with local First Nations co-researchers in 11 remote communities.

The research team also collaborated with First Nations partner organisations to undertake 729 surveys in an additional 10 regional sites. These surveys were not available for inclusion in the 2025 Index, with results to be published in a separate report and dashboard page in early 2026.

MORE INFORMATION

Counting on Connectivity: Measuring Digital Inclusion for First Nations Australians in 2025

12 Nov 2025

View on APO

Project Plan

Download PDF

Participant Information Sheet

Download Word Document

Ethics Approval

RMIT Notice of Approval
Download PDF

Swinburne Notice of Approval
Download PDF

RESEARCH TEAM

Distinguished Professor Julian Thomas

Prof Julian Thomas

Centre Director,
RMIT University

Learn more

Daniel Featherstone

Assoc Prof Daniel Featherstone

Principal Research Fellow,
RMIT University

Learn more

Sharon Parkinson

Assoc Prof Sharon Parkinson

Principal Research Fellow,
Swinburne University

Learn more

Kieran Hegarty

Dr Kieran Hegarty

Research Fellow,
RMIT University

Learn more

Photograph of Dr Yee Man Louie, standing in front of a lush, green garden.

Dr Yee Man Louie

Research Fellow,
RMIT University

Learn more

RESEARCH SUPPORT

Alison Barton

Alison Barton

Project Manager,
RMIT University

Learn more

Leah Hawkins

Leah Hawkins

Research Communications Officer,
RMIT University

Learn more

PARTNERS

Australian Government Logo

This project received funding support from the Australian Government

Ipsos Logo

Ipsos Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Research Unit

Learn more

Information Retrieval on Country

Indigenous Artwork depicting Information Retrieval on Country
"Information Retrieval on Country" - Treahna Hamm

Commissioned by ADM+S in July 2023. The artwork has been used for an alumni event celebrating 25+ years of collaboration between RMIT and the University of Melbourne in the research field of Information Retrieval, organised by Damiano Spina (RMIT) and Lida Rashidi (University of Melbourne). 

Artist Statement

As an artist, my work explores the profound connection between living and sharing on Aboriginal land, intertwining it with the retrieval of valuable information. Through my art, I aim to honour and celebrate the wisdom of Elders, who hold a wealth of cultural knowledge, and the sacredness of the land itself. Drawing from the rich heritage and stories of Indigenous communities, I seek to create a visual narrative that highlights the significance of this symbiotic relationship between people and place. My art becomes a vessel through which the past, present, and future are interwoven, fostering a deeper understanding of the interconnectedness between humans, the land, and the wealth of data embedded in this ancestral bond.

Incorporating a search engine into my artistic process, I embark on a unique journey of creativity that melds traditional storytelling and modern technology. Through data retrieval and analysis, I collect relevant information about the history, culture, and significance of the Aboriginal land. This data-driven approach allows me to extract meaningful patterns and insights, which serve as the foundation for my artistic expressions.

The search engine acts as a guiding force, influencing the composition, colours, and elements within my artwork. By blending the wisdom of Elders’ narratives with the data-driven revelations, I strive to create a harmonious fusion of the past and present. The algorithmic input serves as a channel through which I can pay homage to the deep-rooted traditions while interpreting them in a contemporary context.

As I navigate the artistic process, the search engine acts as both collaborator and curator, helping me select the most relevant information and translating it into visual representations. It enriches my artwork by infusing it with layers of significance, inviting viewers to engage with the cultural heritage of Aboriginal land in a novel and thought-provoking manner.

Ultimately, my art with a search algorithm seeks to bridge the gap between heritage and innovation, fostering a profound appreciation for the timeless connection between Elders, land, and the wealth of knowledge embedded within their intertwined stories.

The blue islands in the artwork are the algorithms floating above the land. The Elders/Ancestors are the symbolic faces which I hope you can see.

Biography

Dr Treahna Hamm (Firebrace) has been a practising Artist nationally and internationally and holds a Doctorate of Philosophy (School of Education) at RMIT University – graduating in 2008. Treahna’s career began at Wangaratta TAFE in 1982 before completing 5 degrees in Visual Arts, Teaching and Education.

Her artworks are composed with multi-layers of stories garnered from her experiences of living by the Murray River in Northern Victoria and southern NSW. This, along with contemporary practices including printmaking, painting, photography, public art, sculpture, possum skin cloaks, murals and highly individual fibre weaving. She works with abstract forms as well as traditional designs from her Indigenous heritage.

Treahna has exhibited in New York, South Korea, Hawaii, New Zealand, Paris, Belgium, Germany and the United States. Her vibrant works are in national and international collections.

Her dedication towards rejuvenating, revitalising and retelling oral history through her own life experiences has been a foundation to the collective experience as a whole in Victoria and southern NSW.

SEE ALSO